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It’s Virtualization with KVM ( Kernel-based Virtual Machine ) + QEMU.
This requires that the CPU on your computer which has a function Intel VT or AMD-V. |
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| [1] | Install required packages. |
| root@dlp:~#
apt-get -y install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils
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| [2] | Enable vhost-net. |
| root@dlp:~#
modprobe vhost_net
root@dlp:~# lsmod | grep vhost
vhost_net 20480 0 vhost 32768 1 vhost_net macvtap 20480 1 vhost_net root@dlp:~# echo vhost_net >> /etc/modules
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| [3] | Configure Bridge networking. |
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root@dlp:~# vi /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto ens33 # change like follows
iface ens33 inet manual
#
iface ens33 inet static #
address 10.0.0.30 #
network 10.0.0.0 #
netmask 255.255.255.0 #
broadcast 10.0.0.255 #
gateway 10.0.0.1 #
dns-nameservers 10.0.0.30 # add bridge interface
iface br0 inet static
address 10.0.0.30 network 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255 gateway 10.0.0.1 dns-nameservers 10.0.0.30 bridge_ports ens33 bridge_stp off auto br0 root@dlp:~# root@dlp:~# ip addr
1: lo: >LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP< mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: >BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP< mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:da:3a:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:3a55/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: >BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP< mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:da:3a:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.30/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:3a55/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: >NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP< mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:82:4b:a7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: >BROADCAST,MULTICAST< mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:82:4b:a7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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Create Virtual Machine#1
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Install GuestOS and create Virtual Machine. This example shows to install Ubuntu.
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| [1] | Create a Virtual Machine on text mode via network, it’s OK on Console or remote connection with Putty and so on. |
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root@dlp:~# apt-get -y install libosinfo-bin libguestfs-tools virt-top
# create a storage pool
root@dlp:~# mkdir -p /var/kvm/images
root@dlp:~# virt-install \ –name template \
–ram 4096 \ –disk path=/var/kvm/images/template.img,size=30 \ –vcpus 2 \ –os-type linux \ –os-variant ubuntu16.04 \ –network bridge=br0 \ –graphics none \ –console pty,target_type=serial \ –location ‘http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/installer-amd64/’ \ –extra-args ‘console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial’ Starting install… # installation starts
# after installation, back to KVM host and shutdown the guest like follows
root@dlp:~# virsh shutdown template
Domain template is being shutdown # mount guest’s disk and enable a service like follows
root@dlp:~# guestmount -d template -i /mnt
root@dlp:~# ln -s /mnt/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service /mnt/etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/getty@ttyS0.service
root@dlp:~# umount /mnt
# start guest again, if it’s possible to connect to the guest’s console, it’s OK all
root@dlp:~# virsh start template –console
Domain template started Connected to domain template Escape character is ^] Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ubuntu ttyS0 ubuntu login: |
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For options, make sure ‘man virt-install’, there are many options.
–name specify the name of Virtual Machine
–ram specify the amount of memories of Virtual Machine
–disk path=xxx ,size=xxx ‘path=’ ⇒ specify the location of disks of Virtual Machine
‘size=’ ⇒ specify the amount of disks of Virtual Machine –vcpus specify the virtual CPUs
–os-type specify the type of GuestOS
–os-variant specify the kind of GuestOS – list all valid variant with the following command
# osinfo-query os –network specify network types of Virtual Machine
–graphics specify the kind of graphics. if set ‘none’, it means nographics.
–console specify the console type
–location specify the location of installation where from
–extra-args specify parameters that is set in kernel
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| [2] | Move to GuestOS to HostOS with Ctrl + ] key. Move to HostOS to GuestOS with a command ‘virsh console (name of virtual machine)’. |
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xerus@ubuntu:~$ # Ctrl + ]
root@dlp:~# # Host’s console
root@dlp:~# virsh console template
# move to Guest
Connected to domain template # Enter key
xerus@ubuntu:~$ # Guest’s console
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| [3] | It’s easy to clone a virtual machine from existing one to new like follows. |
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# Host’s console
root@dlp:~# virt-clone –original template –name ubuntu1604 –file /var/kvm/images/ubuntu1604.img
Allocating 'ubuntu1604.img' | 30 GB 01:02 Clone ‘ubuntu1604’ created successfully. ll /var/kvm/images/ubuntu1604.img
-rw——- 1 root root 1899888640 May 16 21:05 /var/kvm/images/ubuntu1604.img ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu1604.xml
-rw——- 1 root root 2694 May 16 21:05 /etc/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu1604.xml |
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Basic Operations
2016/05/15
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This is the basic Operarions with virsh command.
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| [1] | Start Virtual Machine |
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# start Virtual Machine ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh start ubuntu
Domain ubuntu started
# start and connect to console of ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh start ubuntu –console
Domain ubuntu started |
| [2] | Stop Virtual Machine |
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# stop Virtual Machine ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh shutdown ubuntu
Domain ubuntu is being shutdown
# stop fourcely Virtual Machine ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh destroy ubuntu
Domain ubuntu destroyed |
| [3] | Set auto-start for Virtual Machines |
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# enable auto-start for ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh autostart ubuntu
Domain ubuntu marked as autostarted
# disable auto-start for ‘ubuntu’
root@dlp:~# virsh autostart –disable ubuntu
Domain ubuntu unmarked as autostarted |
| [4] | List all Virtual Machines |
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# list all active Virtual Machines
root@dlp:~# virsh list
Id Name State 2 win2k12R2 running
# list all Virtual Machines include inactives
root@dlp:~# virsh list –all
Id Name State |
| [5] | Switch console, Move to GuestOS to HostOS with Ctrl + ] key. Move to HostOS to GuestOS with a command ‘virsh console (name of virtual machine)’. |
| root@dlp:~#
virsh console ubuntu
# connect to ‘ubuntu’
Connected to domain ubuntu
Escape character is ^] # Enter key
Ubuntu 16.04 ubuntu ttyS0
ubuntu login:
# just switched on Guest
Password: # Ctrl + ] key
root@dlp:~# # just switched on Parent Host
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| [6] | For Other options, There are many options, please try to execute them. |
| root@dlp:~#
virsh –help
virsh [options]... [<command_string>]
virsh [options]... <command> [args...]
options:
-c | --connect=URI hypervisor connection URI
-r | --readonly connect readonly
-d | --debug=NUM debug level [0-4]
-h | --help this help
-q | --quiet quiet mode
-t | --timing print timing information
-l | --log=FILE output logging to file
-v short version
-V long version
--version[=TYPE] version, TYPE is short or long (default short)
-e | --escape <char> set escape sequence for console
commands (non interactive mode):
Domain Management (help keyword 'domain')
attach-device attach device from an XML file
attach-disk attach disk device
attach-interface attach network interface
autostart autostart a domain
blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters.
blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters
blockpull Populate a disk from its backing image.
blockjob Manage active block operations.
blockresize Resize block device of domain.
console connect to the guest console
cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU
cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file
create create a domain from an XML file
define define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file
destroy destroy (stop) a domain
detach-device detach device from an XML file
detach-disk detach disk device
detach-interface detach network interface
domid convert a domain name or UUID to domain id
domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface
domjobabort abort active domain job
domjobinfo domain job information
domname convert a domain id or UUID to domain name
domuuid convert a domain name or id to domain UUID
domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML
domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config
dump dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis
dumpxml domain information in XML
edit edit XML configuration for a domain
inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest
send-key Send keycodes to the guest
managedsave managed save of a domain state
managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain
maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum
memtune Get or set memory parameters
migrate migrate domain to another host
migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime
migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth
migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth
reboot reboot a domain
reset reset a domain
restore restore a domain from a saved state in a file
resume resume a domain
save save a domain state to a file
save-image-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file
save-image-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML
save-image-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file
schedinfo show/set scheduler parameters
screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file
setmaxmem change maximum memory limit
setmem change memory allocation
setvcpus change number of virtual CPUs
shutdown gracefully shutdown a domain
start start a (previously defined) inactive domain
suspend suspend a domain
ttyconsole tty console
undefine undefine a domain
update-device update device from an XML file
vcpucount domain vcpu counts
vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information
vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity
version show version
vncdisplay vnc display
Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor')
domblkinfo domain block device size information
domblklist list all domain blocks
domblkstat get device block stats for a domain
domcontrol domain control interface state
domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface
domifstat get network interface stats for a domain
dominfo domain information
dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain
domstate domain state
list list domains
Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host')
capabilities capabilities
connect (re)connect to hypervisor
freecell NUMA free memory
hostname print the hypervisor hostname
nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node.
nodeinfo node information
nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node.
nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration
qemu-attach QEMU Attach
qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command
sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo
uri print the hypervisor canonical URI
Interface (help keyword 'interface')
iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later commited
(iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback)
iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it
iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point
iface-define define (but don't start) a physical host interface from an XML file
iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down")
iface-dumpxml interface information in XML
iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface
iface-list list physical host interfaces
iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address
iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name
iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin
iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up")
iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device
iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration)
Network Filter (help keyword 'filter')
nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file
nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML
nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter
nwfilter-list list network filters
nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter
Networking (help keyword 'network')
net-autostart autostart a network
net-create create a network from an XML file
net-define define (but don't start) a network from an XML file
net-destroy destroy (stop) a network
net-dumpxml network information in XML
net-edit edit XML configuration for a network
net-info network information
net-list list networks
net-name convert a network UUID to network name
net-start start a (previously defined) inactive network
net-undefine undefine an inactive network
net-uuid convert a network name to network UUID
Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev')
nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node
nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node
nodedev-dettach dettach node device from its device driver
nodedev-dumpxml node device details in XML
nodedev-list enumerate devices on this host
nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver
nodedev-reset reset node device
Secret (help keyword 'secret')
secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file
secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML
secret-get-value Output a secret value
secret-list list secrets
secret-set-value set a secret value
secret-undefine undefine a secret
Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot')
snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML
snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args
snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot
snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot
snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot
snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot
snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain
snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot
snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot
Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool')
find-storage-pool-sources-as find potential storage pool sources
find-storage-pool-sources discover potential storage pool sources
pool-autostart autostart a pool
pool-build build a pool
pool-create-as create a pool from a set of args
pool-create create a pool from an XML file
pool-define-as define a pool from a set of args
pool-define define (but don't start) a pool from an XML file
pool-delete delete a pool
pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool
pool-dumpxml pool information in XML
pool-edit edit XML configuration for a storage pool
pool-info storage pool information
pool-list list pools
pool-name convert a pool UUID to pool name
pool-refresh refresh a pool
pool-start start a (previously defined) inactive pool
pool-undefine undefine an inactive pool
pool-uuid convert a pool name to pool UUID
Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume')
vol-clone clone a volume.
vol-create-as create a volume from a set of args
vol-create create a vol from an XML file
vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input
vol-delete delete a vol
vol-download Download a volume to a file
vol-dumpxml vol information in XML
vol-info storage vol information
vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path
vol-list list vols
vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path
vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key
vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path
vol-upload upload a file into a volume
vol-wipe wipe a vol
Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh')
cd change the current directory
echo echo arguments
exit quit this interactive terminal
help print help
pwd print the current directory
quit quit this interactive terminal
(specify help <group> for details about the commands in the group)
(specify help <command> for details about the command)
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